Pipe fittings are components that connect pipes to one another, or to other components, to change the flow of liquids or gases in a plumbing or drainage system: 

• Purpose

  Pipe fittings are used to extend the length of a pipe run, change the direction of flow, or regulate the flow of liquids or gases. 

• Types

  There are many types of pipe fittings, including elbows, tees, crosses, reducers, unions, couplings, nipples, plugs, caps, adapters, and flanges. 

• Materials

  Pipe fittings can be made from a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, PVC, and brass. 

• Size

  Pipe fittings come in different sizes to fit the pipe they will connect to. Some fittings have different-sized openings to transition between pipe sizes. 

• Selection

  The right pipe fitting for a system depends on the size and material of the pipe, the liquids used, and the pressures within and outside the system. 

• Installation

  Pipefitters install, repair, and maintain piping systems. They read design specifications to build piping assemblies for heating, cooling, steam generation, and industrial use.